Muhammad al-Baqir

Muhammad al-Bāqir Imams of Shi'a Islam
Rank	Fifth Twelver/Musta‘lī Imām Fourth Nizārī Imām
Name	Muhammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Husayn
Kunya	Abū Ja‘far[1][2]
Birth	1st Rajab 57 AH[2] ≈ 676 C.E.
Death	7th Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH[2] ≈ 743 C.E.
Birthplace	Madīnah[1][2]
Buried	Jannatul Baqī‘,[1][2] Madīnah
Life Duration	Before Imamate: 37 years (57 - 94 AH) - 3 years with his grandfather Imām Husayn - 34 years alongside his father Imām as-Sajjād Imamate: 19 years (94 - 114 AH)
Titles	al-Bāqir[1][2] (Arabic for Revealer) *Besinci Ali (Turkish for Fifth Ali)
Spouse(s)	Umm Farwah Umm Hakīm bint Usayd ibn al-Mughīrā al-Thaqafī
Father	‘Alī ibn Husayn
Mother	Fātimah bint al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī[2]
Children	Ja‘far as-Sādiq, Ibrahīm,[3] ‘Alī,[3] ‘Abdullāh,[3] Zaynab,[3] Umm Salamah[3]
Ali · Hasan · Husayn al-Sajjad · al-Baqir · al-Sadiq Musa (Twelver) · Ismail (Ismaili)

Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī al-Baqir (Arabic: محمد ابن علي الباقر ‎) (676-743 AD or 1 Rajab 57 AH – 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH)^[2] was the Fifth Imām to the Twelver Shī‘ah and Fourth Imām to the Ismā‘īlī Shī‘ah. His father was the previous Imām, ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn, and his mother was Fatimah bint al-Hasan. He is highly respected by Shia Muslims for his religious knowledge and Islamic scholarship.

Contents 1 Birth 2 Expertise 3 During the Umayyad rulers 4 Death 5 Timeline 6 See also 7 External links 8 References

Birth

Muhammad al-Baqir was born on the 1st of the month of Rajab, 57th Hijra, in the city of Medina.

Because of his resemblance to his great-grandfather he was named Muhammad, because of it that he analyzed the knowledge and made manifest its secrets he became known with the title of al-Baqir.

He was the first Imam whose lineage ascended and reached the Islamic prophet Muhammad both from the paternal and maternal sides.

His life history can be divided into two parts:

• the period before his Imamate, led in Medina, that is nearly 35 years and was the peaceful part of his life

• the Period of Imamate, which stretched up to 20 years and is counted as the duration of his propagation and dissemination of Islamic knowledge and wisdom.

Expertise

Muhammad al-Baqir was awarded the title Baqir al-'Ulum "Revealer of Knowledge" because of his religious and judicial knowledge and his enthusiasm to teach. Muhammad al-Baqir’s son, Ja'far al-Sadiq, was his student and benefited from his knowledge. He founded the precursor of Shī‘ah jurisprudence.

During the Umayyad rulers

Despite his aversion to politics, the Umayyad rulers harassed Muhammad al-Baqir for fear of his popularity and influence. The actions of his brother and other kinsmen made them distrust him.

Death

Muhammad al-Baqir was poisoned by the order of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik^[2] on 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 at the age of 57 years. His body was buried beside the graves of other Imams in the graveyard of Jannatul Baqee'.^[1][2]

Timeline

Muhammad al-Baqir of the Ahl al-Bayt Banu Hashim Clan of the Banu Quraish Born: 1st Rajab 57 AH ≈ 676 CE Died: 7th Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH ≈ 743 CE
Shī‘a Islam titles
Preceded by Ali ibn Husayn	5th Imam of Shi'a Islam 713 – 743	Succeeded by Jafar al-Sadiq

See also

Muhammad Fātimah ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib Hasan ibn ‘Alī Husayn ibn ‘Alī ‘Alī Zaynul ‘Ābidīn Muhammad al-Bāqir Ja‘far as-Sādiq Mūsā al-Kādhim ‘Alī ar-Ridhā Muhammad at-Taqī ‘Alī al-Hādi Hasan al-‘Askarī Muhammad al-Mahdī

• Mashhad-e Ardehal

External links

• AL-BAQER by Wilferd Madelung, an article in Encyclopedia Iranica
• The Fifth Imam

References

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